Orientalism: A Bibliography

Introduction

The purpose of this bibliography is to provide a useful list of sources concerning the concept of orientalism and the scholarly debate on that concept. Although the distinction between orientalism and post-colonialism is often difficult to make, the bibliography generally excludes the larger literature on post-colonialism except as it is directly relevant to the debate on orientalism. This bibliography was originally posted on herbswanson.com in September 2004 and was last updated in February 2013.

Books and Articles

Abdel-Malek, Anouar. "Orientalism in Crisis." In Orientalism: A Reader, edited by A. L. Macfie, 47-56. New York: New York University Press, 2000. [originally published in Diogenes 44 (Winter 1963): 104-112].

Adelson, Roger. London and the Invention of the Middle East. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1995.

Adnan-Adivar, Abdülhak. “A Turkish Account of Orientalism.” Muslim World 43 (1953): 261–282.

Ahmad, Aijaz. In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures. London: Verso, 1992.

__________. "Between Orientalism and Historicism." Studies in History 7, 1 (1991): 135-163.

Alloula, Malek. The Colonial Harem. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1986.

Almond, Ian. The New Orientalists: Postmodern Representations of Islam from Foucault to Baudrillard. London: I. B. Tauris, 2007.

Ansell-Pearson, Keith, ed. Cultural Readings of Imperialism: Edward Said and the Gravity of History. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997.

Aruri, Naseer Hasan and Muhammad A. Shuraydi. Revising Culture, Reinventing Peace: The Influence of Edward W. Said. New York: Olive Branch Press. 2001.

Ashcroft, Bill. "Representation and Its Discontents: Orientalism, Islam and the Palestinian Crisis." Religion 34 (2004): 113-121.

Ashcroft, Bill and Pal Ahluwalia. Edward Said. London: Routledge, 2001.

al-Azm, Sadik Jalal. "Orientalism and Orientalism in Reverse." Khamsin 8 (1981):5-26.

al-Azmeh, Aziz. Islams and Modernities. London: Verso, 1993.

Baki´c-Hayden, Milica. "Nesting Orientalisms: The Case of Former Yugoslavia." Slavic Review 54, 4 (Winter 1995): 917-931.

Ballantyne, Tony. Orientalism and Race: Aryanism in the British Empire. Palgrave, 2002.

Behdad, Ali. Belated Travellers: Orientalism in the Age of Colonial Dissolution. Cork: Cork University Press, 1994.

Benjamin, Roger. Orientalist Aesthetics: Art, Colonialism, and French North Africa, 1880-1930. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 2003.

Bhatnagar, Rashmi. "Uses and Limits of Foucault: a Study of the Theme of Origins in Edward Said's Orientalism." Social Scientist/Trivandum 158 (July 1986): 3-22.

Bhattacharya, Nandini. "Maternal Plots, Colonial Fictions: Colonial Pedagogy in Mary Martha Sherwood's Children's Stories." Nineteenth-Century Studies 23 (2001): 381-415.

Bisaha, Nancy. Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.

Bohrer, Frederick N. Orientalism and Visual Culture: Imagining Mesopotamia in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Bové, Paul A., ed. Edward Said and the Work of the Critic: Speaking Truth to Power. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2000.

__________. "Hope and Reconciiation: A Review of Edward W. Said." Boundary 20, 2 (Summer 1993):266-282.

Boyarin, Daniel and Jonathon Boyarin. "Toward a Dialogue with Edward Said." Critical Inquiry 15 (Spring 1989): 626-633.

Brantlinger, Patrick. Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism 1830-1914. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1990.

Breckenridge, Carol A. and Peter van der Veer. "Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament." In Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, edited by Carol A. Breckenridge and Peter van der Veer, 1-19. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.

Bulliet, Richard W. “Orientalism and Medieval Islamic Studies.” In The Past and Future of Medieval Studies. Edited by John Van Engen, 94–104. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994.

Cain, William E. "Reviewing the State of Criticism, III: Edward Said. Orientalism." In The Crisis in Criticism: Theory, Literature, and Reform in English Studies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Unviersity Press, 1984.

Callaghan, Clare. "Selected Bibliography of Work about and of Edward Said's Texts." CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 5, 4 (March 2003). Available online at the CLCWeb website (here).

Castronovo, Russ. "Who Wants Interdisciplinary Turf Anyway?" Nineteenth-Century Studies 19 (1995): 85-88.

Cannadine, David. Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002

Cassels, Nancy G., ed. Orientalism, Evangelicalism and the Military Cantonment in Early Nineteenth-Century India: A Historical Overview. Lewistown: Edwin Mellon Press, 1991.

Clifford, James. "On Orientalism." In The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, Massachussetts: Harvard University Press, 1988.

Clarke, J. J. Orientalism Enlightenment: the Encounter between Asia and Western Thought. London: Routledge, 1997.

Codwell, J. F. and D. S. Macleod. Orientalism Transposed: the Impact of the Colonies on British Culture. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1998.

Conant, Martha Pike. The Oriental Tale in England in the Eighteenth Century. New York: Octagon Books, 1966.

Currie, Kate. Beyond Orientalism: An Exlporation of Some Recent Themes in Indian History and Society. Calcutta: K. P. Bagchi & Company, 1996.

Curthoys, Ned and Debjani Ganguly. Edward Said: The Legacy of a Public Intellectual. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 2007

Dahab, F. Elizabeth. "On Edward Said, Scholar and Public Intellectual." CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 5, 4 (March 2003). Available online at the CLCWeb website (here).

Dalby, Michael. "Nocturnal Labors in the Light of Day." Journal of Asian Studies 39, 3 (May 1980): 485-493.

Dallmayr, Fred. Beyond Orientalism: Essays on Cross-Cultural Encounter. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.

al-Da'mi, Muhammed A. "Orientalism and Arab-Islamic History: an Inquiry into the Orientalists' Motives and Compulsions" Arab Studies Quarterly 20, 4 (Fall 1998): 1-11.

Denny, Walter B. "Orientalism in European Art." The Muslim World 73, 3-4 (July-October 1983): 262-277.

Dirlik, Arif. "Chinese History and the Question of Orientalism." History and Theory 35, 4 (December 1996): 96-118.

Esonwanne, Uzoma. "Critique and Extension: Said and Freud." Research in African Literatures 36, 3 (Fall 2005): 98-111.

Fox, Richard G. "East of Said." In Edward Said: A Critical Reader, edited by Michael Sprinker, 144-146. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.

Gallagher, Nancy Elizabeth, ed. Approaches to the History of the Middle East: Interviews with Leading Middle East Historians. Nancy Gallagher, 1994.

Gellner, E. "In Defence of Orientalism." Sociology 14, 2 (1980): 295-300.

Gemie, Sharif. "France, Orientalism and Algeria: 54 Articles from the Revue des Deux Mondes." Journal of Algerian Studies 3 (1998): 48-70.

Ghazoul, Ferial J., ed. Edward Said and Critical Decolonization. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2007.

__________. "Orientalism: Clearing the Way for Cultural Dialogue." Religion 34 (2004): 123-127.

Gifford, James. "Reading Orientalism and the Crisis of Epistemology in the Novels of Lawrence Durrell. " CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 1, 2 (June 1999). Available online at the CLCWeb website (here).

Gordon, David C. "Orientalism." Antioch Review 40, 1 (Winter 1982):104-112.

Griffin, Robert J. "Ideology and Misrepresentation: a Response to Edward Said." Critical Inquiry 15 (Spring 1989): 611-625.

Hadidi, Sobhi. "The 1994 Paris Interview with Edward Said." JUSOOR 5/6 (n.d.).

Halliday, F. "Orientalism and Its Critics." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 20, 2 (1993): 145-163.

Hamilton, Alistair, and Francis Richard. André Du Ryer and Oriental Studies in Seventeenth-Century France. London: University of Oxford Press, 2004.

Hart, William D. Edward Said and the Religious Effects of Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Hildreth, Martha L. "Lamentations on Reality: A Response to John M. MacKenzie's 'Edward Said and the Historians.'" Nineteenth-Century Studies 19 (1995): 65-73.

Huggan, Graham. "(Not) Reading Orientalism." Research in African Literatures 36, 3 (Fall 2005): 124-136.

Hughes, Aaron W. Situating Islam: The Past and Future of an Academic discipline. London: Equinox, 2007.

Hussein, Abdirahman A. Edward Said: Criticism and Society. London: Verso, 2002.

Inden, Ronald. Imagining India. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.

__________. "Orientalist Constructions of India." Modern Asian Studies 20, 3 (July 1986): 401-446.

Ingleby, Jonathan. "The Involvement of Christian Missions in Education: Colonial Ploy or Commitment to the Poor; Historical Resources in the Contemporary Debate." Journal of the Henry Martyn Institute 18, 2 (July-December 1999): 48—61.

Irwin, Robert. Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and Its Discontents. New York: The Overlook Press, Peter Mayer Publishers, Inc., 2006.

__________. For Lust of Knowing: The Orientalists and Their Enemies. London: Allen Lane, 2006.

Jones, David Martin. The Image of China in Western Social and Political Thought. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001.

Jun, Helen H., “Black Orientalism: Nineteenth-Century Narratives of Race and U.S. Citizenship.” American Quarterly, 58, 4 (December 2006): 1047–66.

Kabbani, Rana. Europe's Myths of the Orient. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1986.

Kahf, Mohja. Western Representations of the Muslim Woman: From Termagant to Odalisque. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1999.

Kapp, Robert A. "Introduction to Review Symposium of Edward Said's Orientalism." Journal of Asian Studies 39, 3 (May 1980):481-484.

Kennedy, Valerie. Edward Said: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000.

Kerr, Malcolm H., ed. Islamic Studies: A Tradition and Its Problems. Malibu, California: Undena, 1980.

King, Richard. Orientalism and Religion: Postcolonial Theory, India and 'the Mystic East'. London: Routledge, 1999.

Klein, Christina. Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945-1961. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003.

Knight, Diana. "Barthes and Orientalism." New Literary History 24, 3 (Summer 1993):617-633.

Kontje, Todd. German Orientalisms. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2004.

Kopf, David. British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernization, 1773-1835. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1969.

__________. "A Macrohistoriographical Essay on the Idea of East and West from Herodotus to Edward Said." Comparative Civiiizations Review 15 (1986): 22-42.

__________. "European Enlightenment, Hindu Renaissance and the Enrichment of the Human Spirit: A History of Historical Writings on British Orientalism." In Orientalism, Evangelicalism and the Military Cantonment in Early Nineteenth-Century India: A Historiographical Overview. Edited by Nancy G. Cassels, 19-52. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

__________. "Hermeneutics versus History." Journal of Asian Studies 39, 3 (May 1980): 495-506.

Korang, Kwaku Larbi. "A Man for All Seasons and Climes? Reading Edward Said from and for Our African Place." Research in African Literatures 36, 3 (Fall 2005): 23-51.

Kuklick, Bruce. Puritans in Babylon: The Ancient Near East and American Intellectual Life, 1880-1930. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Kushigian, Julia Alexis. "Three Versions of Orientalism in Contemporary Latin American Literature: Sarduy, Borges and Paz." Ph.D. Dissertation, Yale University, 1984.

Lee, Anthony W. Picturing Chinatown: Art and Orientalism in San Francisco. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 2001.

Lennon, Joseph. Irish Orientalism: A Literary and Intellectual History. Syracuse, New York: University of Syracuse Press, 2004.

Lewis, Bernard. "Islam." In Orientalism & History, edited by Denis Sinor, 16-34. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1970.

__________. Islam and the West. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.

__________. "Orientalism: An Exchange." New York Review of Books 29, 13 (August 12, 1982):46-48.

__________. "The Question of Orientalism." New York Review of Books 29, 11 (June 24, 1982): 49-56.

__________. "The Question of Orientalism." In Orientalism: A Reader, edited by A. L. Macfie, 249-270. New York: New York University Press, 2000.

Lewis, Reina. Gendering Orientalism: Race, Femininity and Representation. London: Routledge, 1996.

__________. Rethinking Orientalism: Women, Travel and the Ottoman Harem. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2004.

Little, Donald P. "Three Arab Critiques of Orientalism." The Muslim World 69, 2 (April 1979): 110-131.

Little, Douglas. American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

Lockman, Zachary. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Lodge, David, and Nigel Wood. "Edward Said," Chapter 17 in David Lodge and Nigel Wood. Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader, 271-284. Harlow, England: Pearson, 2000.

Lowe, Lisa. Critical Terrains: French and British Orientalisms. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992.

__________. "Des Chinoises: Orientalism, Psychoanalysis, and Feminine Writing." In Ethics, Politics, and Difference in Julia Kristeva's Writing, Kelly Oliver, ed., 150-163. New York: Routledge, 1993.

__________. "French Literary Orientalism: Representations of `Others' in the Texts of Montesquieu, Flaubert, and Kristeva." Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1986.

Macfie, A. L. The Eastern Question. London: Longman, 1996.

__________. Orientalism. London: Longman, 2002.

__________. Orientalism: A Reader. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

MacKenzie, John M. "Edward Said and the Historians." Nineteenth Century Studies 18 (1994): 9-25.

__________. Orientalism: History, Theory, and the Arts. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.

__________. "A Reply to My Critics." Nineteenth-Century Studies 19 (1995): 91-100.

MacKinnon, Colin R. "Talking Back: `Orientalism' and the Orientals." Humanities Report 4, 2 (February 1982):4-7.

Majeed, Javed. Uncovered Imaginings: Jame's Mill's The History of British India and Orientalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.

Makdisi, Ussama. "Ottoman Orientalism." American Historical Review 107, 3 (June 2002): 768-796.

Malti-Douglas, Fedwa. "Re-orienting Orientalism." Virginia Quarterly Review 55, 4 (1979): 724–733.

Mani, Lata and Ruth Frankenberg. "The Challenge of Orientalism." Economy and Society 14, 2 (May 1985): 174-192.

Marrouchi, Mustapha. Edward Said at the Limits. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 2004.

Martin, Catherine Gimelli. "Orientalism and the Ethnographer: Said, Herodotus, and the Discourse of Alterity." Criticism 32 4 (Fall 1990): 511-529.

Matar, Nabil ed. In the Lands of Christians: Arabic Travel Writing in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Routledge, 2003.

Mazrui, Ali AlʼAmin. "The Re-invention of Africa: Edward Said, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Beyond." Research in African Literatures 36, 3 ( Fall 2005): 68-82.

McCarthy, Conor. The Cambridge Introduction to Edward Said. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

McInnes, Neil. "'Orientalism,' the Evolution of a Concept." The National Interest, 54 (Winter 1998): 73-81.

McLaren, Martha. "From Analysis to Prescription: Scottish Concepts of Asian Despotism in Early Nineteenth-Century British India." International History Review 15, 3 (August 1993): 469-501.

Mellor, Philip A. "Orientalism, Representation, and Religion: the Reality Behind the Myth." Religion 34 (2004): 99-112.

Melman, Billie. Women's Orients: English Women and the Middle East, 1718-1918. Macmillan, 1992.

Minear, Richard H. "Orientalism and the Study of Japan." Journal of Asian Studies 39, 3 (May 1980): 507-517.

Moore-Gilbert, Bart. Kipling and Orientalism. London: Croom-Helm, 1986.

__________. Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics. London: Verson, 1997.

Mortimer, Mildred P. "Edward Said and Assia Djebar: A Contrapuntal Reading." Research in African Literatures 36, 3 (Fall 2005):. 53-67.

Nochlin, Linda. "The Imaginary Orient." Art in America. (May 1986): 118-131, 187-191.

Nagy-Zekmi, Silvia, ed. Paradoxical Citizenship: Edward Said. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2006.

Nishihara, Daisuke. "Said, Orientalism, and Japan." Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, 25 (2005):241-253.

O'Hanlon, R. "Cultures of Rule, Communities of Resistance: Gender, Discourse and Tradition in Recent South Asian Historiographies." Social Analysis 25 (September 1989): 94-114.

O'Hanlon, Rosalind and David Washbrook. "After Orientalism: Culture, Criticism and Politics in the Third World." Comparative Studies in Society and History 34, 1 (January 1992): 141-167.

O'Riley, Michael. "Specters of Orientalism in France, Algeria, and Postcolonial Studies." Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature. 34, 4 (December 2001): 47-64.

Pathak, Zakia, et. al. "The Prisonhouse of Orientalism." Textual Practices 5, 1 (Spring 1991): 195-218.

Peltre, Christine. Orientalism in Art. London: Abbeville Press, 1998.

Porter, Dennis. "Orientalism and Its Problems." In The Politics of Theory. Edited by Francis Barker, Peter Hulme, Margaret Iverson and Dianna Loxley, 179-193. Colchester: University of Essex, 1983. In Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader. Edited by Patrick Williams and Laura Chrisman, 150-161. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1994.

Prakash, Gyan. "Can the 'Subaltern' Ride? A Reply to O'Hanlon and Washbrook." Compartive Studies in Society and History 34, 1 (January 1992): 168-184.

__________. "Orientalism Now." History and Theory 34 (1995): 199-212.

__________. "Writing Post-Orientalist Histories of the Third World: Indian Historiography Is Good To Think." In Colonialism and Culture, edited by Nicholas B. Dirks. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1992.

__________. "Writing Post-Orientalist Histories of the Third World: Perspectives from Indian Historiography." Comparative Studies in Society & History 32, 2 (April 1990): 383-408.

Quinn, Frederick. The Sum of All Heresies: The Image of Islam in Western Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Racevskis, Karlis. "Edward Said and Michel Foucault: Affinities and Dissonances." Research in African Literatures 36, 3 (Fall 2005): 83-97.

Ramadan, Yasmine. "A Bibliographical Guide to Edward Said." Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics, 25 (2005): 270-287.

Rendall, Jane. "Scottish Orientalism from Robertson to James Mill." Historical Journal 25 (1982): 43-69.

Richardson, Michael. "Enough Said: Reflections on Orientalism." Anthropology Today 6, 4 (August 1990): 16-19.

Robbins, Bruce. "The Seduction of the Unexpected: on Imperialism and History." Nineteenth-Century Studies 19 (1995): 75-79.

Rubin, Andrew N., ed. Humanism, Freedom, and the Critic: Edward W. Said and After. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 2005.

Sadik, Jalal al-'Azim. "Orientalism and Orientalism in Reverse." Khamsin 8 (1981): 5-26.

al Saghir, M. H. 'A. Orientalists and Koranic Studies. Beirut: n.p., 1983.

Said, Edward W. "Arabs, Islam and the Dogmas of the West." New York Times Book Review (31 October 1976).

__________. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. New York: Pantheon, 1981.

__________. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993.

__________. "East Isn't East: The Impending End of the Age of Orientalism." Times Literary Supplement (3 February 1995).

__________. "Introduction." In Raymond Schwab, The Oriental Renaissance: Europe's Rediscovery of India and the East, 1680-1880, vii-xx. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984.

__________. "Orientalism and Beyond." In Postcolonial Theory: Contexts, Practices, Politics. Edited by Bart Moore-Gilbert, 34-73. London: Verso, 1997.

__________. "Orientalism Reconsidered." In Literature, Politics and Theory. Edited by F. Barker, et al. London: Methuen, 1986.

__________. Orientalism. London: Pantheon Books, 1978. Available online at the Great Issues Forum website (here).

__________. Out of Place: A Memior. London: Grants, 1999.

__________. Reflections on Exile and Other Essays. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2000.

__________. The World, the Text, and the Critic. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Said, Edward and Bernard Lewis. "Orientalism: an Exchange." The New York Review of Books (12 August 1982).

Sanders, Paula. "The Victorian Invention of Medieval Cairo: A Case Study of Medievalism and the Construction of the East." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 37, 2 (December 2003): 179-198.

Sarkar, Sumit. "Orientalism Revisited: Saidian Frameworks in the Writing of Modern Indian History." Oxford Literary Review 16, 1-2 (1994): 205-224.

Schneider, Jane. Italy's Southern Question: Orientalism in One Country. Oxford: Berg, 1998.

Shaar, Stuart. "Orientalism at the Service of Imperialism." Race and Class 21, 1 (1979): 67-80.

Sha'ban, Fuad. Islam and Arabs in Early American Thought: The Roots of Orientalism in America. Durham, NC: Acorn Press, 1991.

Sharafuddin, Mohammed Ahmed. "A Study of Orientalism in English Verse and Narrative, 1798-1817." Ph.D dissertation, University of York, 1988.

Sivan, Emmanuel. "Edward Said and His Arab Reviewers. In Interpretations of Islm, Past and Present, 133-154. Princeton, NJ: Darwin Press, 1985.

Spanos, William V. The Legacy of Edward W. Said. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2009.

Sprinker, Michael, ed. Edward Said: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.

Stevens, Mary Anne. The Orientalists: Delacroix to Matisse, European Painters in North Africa and the Near East. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984.

Sutherland, Heather. "Symposium on Edward W. Said's Orientalism (1978). Journal of Asian Studies 39, 3 (May 1980): 481-517.

Sultana, Fehmida. "Romantic Orientalism and Islam: Southey, Shelley, Moore, and Byron." Ph.D. disseration, Tufts University, 1989.

Swanson, Herbert R. "Said's Orientalism and the Study of Christian Missions." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 28, 3 (July 2004): 107-112.

Sweetman, John. The Oriental Obsession. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Thompson, James. The East: Imagined, Experienced, Remembered - Orientalist Nineteenth Century Painting. Liverpool: National Museums & Galleries on Merseyside, 1988.

Tibawi, A. L. "English-Speaking Orientalists: A Critique of Their Approach to Islam and Arab Nationalism. Part 1." Islamic Quarterly 8, 1 & 2 (January-June 1964): 25-45.

__________. "English-Speaking Orientalists: A Critique of Their Approach to Islam and Arab Nationalism. Part 2." Islamic Quarterly 8, 3 & 4 (July-December 1964): 73-87.

__________. "On the Orientalists Again." Muslim World 70, 1 (January 1980): 56-61.

__________. "Second Critique of English-Speaking Orientalists and Their Approach to Islam and the Arabs." Islamic Quarterly 23, 1 (January-March 1979).

Turner, Bryan S. Marx and the End of Orientalism. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1978.

__________. Orientalism, Postmodernism, and Globalism. London: Routledge, 1994.

Varisco, Daniel Martin. Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press, 2007.

Waardenburg, Jacques. “Mustashrikun.” The Encyclopaedia of Islam, volume 7:735–753. 2d ed. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill, 1993.

Washbrook, D. A. "Orients and Occidents: Colonial Discourse Theory and the Historiography of the British Empire." In The Oxford History of the British Empire, edited by Wm. Roger Louis. Volume V, Historiography, edited by Robin W. Winks, 596-611. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Weeks, Emily M. "About face: Sir David Wilie's Protrait of Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt." In Orientalism Transposed: The Impact of the Colonies on British Culture, edited by Julie F. Codell and Dianne Sachko Macleod, 46-58. Ashgate, 1998.

Weiner, Justus Reid. "'My Beautiful Old House' and Other Fabrications by Edward Said." Commentary (September 1999): 23-31.

Wahba, M. "An Anger Observed." Journal of Arabic Literature. 20, 2 (1989):187-199.

Wilson, Ernest J. "Orientalism: A Black Perspective." Journal of Palestine Studies 10, 2 (1981): 59-69.

Windschuttle, Keith. "Edward Said's 'Orientalism revisited.'" New Criterion 17, 5 (January 1999): 30-38. [PDF]

Wittfogel, Karl August. Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1957.

Yegenoglu, Meyda. "Supplementing the Orientalist Lack: European Ladies in the Harem." In Orientalism and Cultural Differences, edidted by Mahmut Mutman and Meyda Yegenoglu, 45-80. Center for Cultural Studies, U. C. S. C., 1992.

Yoshihara, Mari. Embracing the East: White Women and American Orientalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Young, Robert. White Mythologies: Writing History and the West. London: Routledge, 1990.

Youngs, Tim. "The Connection Between Things." Nineteenth-Century Studies 19 (1995): 81-84.

Yu, Henry. Thinking Orientals: Migration, Contact, and Exoticism in Modern America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Zeleza, Tiyambe, "The Politics and Poetics of Exile: Edward Said in Africa." Research in African Literatures 36, 3 (Fall 2005):. 1-22.